Differential effects of oral and intravenous L carnitine on serum lipids: is the microbiota the answer? Identification of TMAO producer phenotype and hostdietgut dysbiosis by carnitine challenge test in human and germ free mice Gut Elucidation of an anaerobic pathway for metabolism of l carnitinederived butyrobetaine to trimethylamine in human gut bacteria PNAS Trimethylamine Oxide Metabolon Dietary bioactive ingredients to modulate the gut microbiota derived metabolite TMAO. New opportunities for functional food development Food & Function (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039 D0FO01237H Systematic investigation of the relationships of trimethylamine N oxide and l carnitine with obesity in both humans and rodents Food & Function (RSC Publishing)