Differential effects of oral and intravenous L carnitine on serum lipids: is the microbiota the answer? Assembling the anaerobic gamma butyrobetaine to TMA metabolic pathway in Escherichia fergusonii and confirming its role in TMA production from dietary L carnitine in murine models mBio Revisiting the Role of Carnitine in Heart Disease Through the Lens of the Gut Microbiota Identification of TMAO producer phenotype and hostdietgut dysbiosis by carnitine challenge test in human and germ free mice Gut Linking anaerobic gut bacteria and cardiovascular disease Nature Microbiology Characterization of TMAO productivity from carnitine challenge facilitates personalized nutrition and microbiome signatures discovery Microbiome Springer Nature Link